Errors in Chemical Analysis
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Introduction There are generally two types of sugar namely reducing and non-reducing sugar based on their reducing property. All the monosaccharides are reducing sugars as they have free anomeric carbon in their structure (free aldehyde group or a free ketone group) that can reduce cupric salt. However, in the disaccharides, the monosaccharide unit is linked together …

HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY (THEORY) Theory : 3 Hrs. /Week 1. Scope and Objectives: This course is designed to impart a fundamental knowledge on the structure and functions of the human body. It also helps in understanding both homeostasis mechanisms and homeostatic imbalances of various body systems. Since a medicament, which is produced by pharmacist, …
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HAP I Pharm D 1st Year CHAPTER 1. Scope of anatomy and physiology, basic terminologies used in this subject. (description of the body as such planes and terminologies) SHORT ESSAYS (2M) 1.Define Anatomy and Physiology. 2.Define anatomical position, sagittal plane. 3.Mention the descriptive terms used in Anatomy. CHAPTER 2. STRUCTURE OF CELL-ITS COMPONENTS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS. …

Substrate The substrate plays the most important part in determining the rate of the reaction. This is because the nucleophile attacks from the back of the substrate, thus breaking the carbon-leaving group bond and forming the carbon-nucleophile bond. Therefore, to maximize the rate of the SN2 reaction, the back of the substrate must be as …